项目如果没有采用Java开发,难道就不能用HBase了么?程序猿不会善罢甘休的,有什么语言就会有什么API存在,我还觉得用Java配置时各种缺包错误很烦呢,记得《数学之美》中曾说道:“做技术有术和道两个层面”,知道HBase的架构和一些底层细节是”道”,而使用各种配置和API开发应用则是”术”,而我们就来试试非Java连接HBase。
HBase的第三方接口有Shell, Java, REST和Thrift,可以参考《HBase in Action》chapter 6, REST接口比较慢,使用起来并没有Thrift好。而你可能疑惑什么是Thrift:
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Thrift is a “software framework, for scalable cross-language services development…with a code generation engine to build services that work efficiently and seamlessly between C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js…” Thrift allows us to create a thin API in NodeJS to communicate with HBase using a thin socket protocol. The advantages over REST are that the connection stays alive and the protocol is thinner than XML.
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Apache Thrift是一个proxy,一个基于RPC的中间件,通过该接口,我们可以采用任何第三方语言连接HBase, 由此可见软件中间件封装底层detail的魅力。HBase提供C++, Java, Python, Node.js的Thrift文件。就Node.js来说,HBase提供了Thrift1和Thrift2, 官方的说法是Thrift2会逐步取代Thrift1, Thrift1我用了,发现命名不规范,而且CRUD并没有全部跑通,之后换用Thrift2,试验后成功了。
HBase Thrift API文档很少,官方只找到一个Python的老版本API, 参考过的博客中采用Thrift2和Node.js的,Google一圈也没有,因此在这里把自己的一些小试验写下来,分享给朋友们,如有不对之处,还请指正。
一、环境配置
1. 系统要求
*nix系统,我是Max OX 10.9,因此在配置上也是以Mac的配置为准。
2. 安装Hadoop2.2.0和HBase 0.96.1,并下载HBase 0.96.1的源码到本地,并解压到本地
可以参考我之前的两个配置文章:
Set up Hadoop 2.2 and HBase 0.96 part1
Set up Hadoop 2.2 and HBase 0.96 part2
3. Mac需要安装brew, Ubuntu用apt-get就可以
4. 安装thrift
[shell]
$ brew install thrift #Maybe cost a lot of time
$ thrift -version
Thrift version 0.9.1
[/shell]
5. 下载 [Node-HBase-Thrift2]
这是我写的使用HBase Thrift2接口的Demo,可以使用该Demo进行测试。
[shell]
$ git clone https://github.com/lgrcyanny/Node-HBase-Thrift2
[/shell]
6. 生成HBase Thrift的相关文件
[shell]
$ cd Node-HBase-Thrift2
$ thrift –gen js:node path-to-hbasesrc/hbase-0.96.1-src/hbase-hrift/src/main/resources/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/thrift2/Hbase.thrift
#then you will get gen-nodejs directory
[/shell]
编译生成连接Thrift的js文件,需要使用HBase 0.96.1源码
BTW, 在你下载的Node-HBase-Thrift2包中,已经有生成的gen-nodejs文件夹,如果你在生成Thrift相关文件时出现任何问题,可以尝试使用这gen-nodejs文件夹下编译好的文件。
8. npm安装thrift包
[shell]
$ npm install thrift
[/shell]
9. 打开HDFS,HBase, HBase Thrift2接口
[shell]
$ start-dfs.sh
$ start-hbase.sh
$ hbase thrift2 start -f #Use framed transport, This transport is required when using a non-blocking server. It sends data in frames, where each frame is preceded by length information. Node.js is no-blocking server, we must use "-f" option, or connection lost.
$ jps
23835 HMaster
23764 HQuorumPeer
24109 ThriftServer
23556 SecondaryNameNode
24264 Jps
23384 NameNode
23927 HRegionServer
23463 DataNode
[/shell]
10.插入测试数据
[shell]
$ hbase shell
> put ‘users’, ‘TheRealMT’, ‘info:email’, ‘mark@gmail.com’
> put ‘users’, ‘TheRealMT’, ‘info:passoword’, ‘abc123’
> put ‘users’, ‘TheRealMT’, ‘info:name’, ‘Mark Twain’
> put ‘users’, ‘wwzyhao’, ‘info:count’, 1
> put ‘users’, ‘wwzyhao’, ‘info:passowrd’, 7818271
> put ‘users’, ‘wwzyhao’, ‘info:email’, 7818271
> put ‘users’, ‘wwzyhao’, ‘info:gender’, ‘male’
> scan ‘users’
ROW COLUMN+CELL
TheRealMT column=info:email, timestamp=1392811829718, value=mark@gmail.com
TheRealMT column=info:name, timestamp=1392811829718, value=Mark Twain
TheRealMT column=info:password, timestamp=1392814983344, value=abc123
wwzyhao column=info:count, timestamp=1393489157537, value=male
wwzyhao column=info:email, timestamp=1393407097540, value=sks66782@gmail.com
wwzyhao column=info:gender, timestamp=1393489039523, value=male
wwzyhao column=info:password, timestamp=1393416922377, value=7612111
2 row(s) in 0.0560 seconds
[/shell]
二、使用Thrift2
为什么不是Thrift1呢?确实,HBase 0.96.1中提供了两个编译文件thrift, thrift2, 前者我们称之为thrift1,我最初使用的是Thrift1,二者最大的痛处是没有文档,官方文档寥寥无几,有一种孤军深入的感觉。不过,API们都是相似的,语义相同,语言不同罢了,这时候代码就是文档。Thrift1的代码规范不如Thrift2,Thrift2更接近Java实现的API调用方式,在使用Thrift1后觉得不好用,就弃用之,投奔Thrift2了。
在完成了配置后,我们开始代码了:
HBase提供的CRUD操作是经典的:Put, Get, Delete, Scan和Increment
1. HBase Get
[javascript]
var thrift = require(‘thrift’);
var HBase = require(‘./gen-nodejs/THBaseService’);
var HBaseTypes = require(‘./gen-nodejs/hbase_types’);
var connection = thrift.createConnection(‘localhost’, 9090, {
transport: thrift.TFramedTransport,
protocol: thrift.TBinaryProtocol
});
connection.on(‘connect’, function () {
console.log(‘connected’);
var client = thrift.createClient(HBase, connection);
// row is rowid, columns is array of TColumn, please refer to hbase_types.js
var tGet = new HBaseTypes.TGet({row: ‘TheRealMT’,
columns: [new HBaseTypes.TColumn({family: ‘info’})]});
client.get(‘users’, tGet, function (err, data) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
} else {
console.log(data);
}
connection.end();
});
});
connection.on(‘error’, function(err){
console.log(‘error’, err);
});
[/javascript]
我在demo中分文件展示了这5种操作,因为每个操作是以event的形式绑定到connection上,如果将所有的操作都写到:
[javascript]
connection.on(‘connect’, function () {
console.log(‘connected’);
var client = thrift.createClient(HBase, connection);
// …
});
[/javascript]
运行时connection.end()后,会出现”Write after end”的Error,我觉得分文件封装是更好的方式。
2. HBase Put
这个操作是向HBase写入数据, 包括更新和插入。
[javascript]
connection.on(‘connect’, function () {
console.log(‘connected’);
var client = thrift.createClient(HBase, connection);
var tPut = new HBaseTypes.TPut({row: ‘wwzyhao’,
columnValues: [
new HBaseTypes.TColumnValue({family: ‘info’, qualifier: ‘hobbies’, value: ‘music’}),
new HBaseTypes.TColumnValue({family: ‘info’, qualifier: ‘name’, value: ‘Thomas Zhang’})
]});
client.put(‘users’, tPut, function (err) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(‘success’);
connection.end();
});
});
[/javascript]
3. HBase Delete
[javascript]
connection.on(‘connect’, function () {
console.log(‘connected’);
var client = thrift.createClient(HBase, connection);
// Please run the command in shell first: put ‘users’, ‘wwzyhao’, ‘info:gender’, ‘male’
var tDelete = new HBaseTypes.TDelete({row: ‘wwzyhao’,
columns: [new HBaseTypes.TColumn({family: ‘info’, qualifier: ‘gender’})]});
client.deleteSingle(‘users’, tDelete, function (err) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
} else {
console.log(‘delete success’);
}
connection.end();
});
});
[/javascript]
4. HBase Scan
Get操作本质上是基于Scan的,Get只能获取单行的数据,Scan可以获取多行的数据。
[javascript]
connection.on(‘connect’, function () {
console.log(‘connected’);
var client = thrift.createClient(HBase, connection);</p>
var tScanner = new HBaseTypes.TScan({startRow: ‘TheRealMT’,
columns: [new HBaseTypes.TColumn({family: ‘info’})]});
client.openScanner(‘users’, tScanner, function (err, scannerId) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(‘scannerid : ‘ + scannerId);
client.getScannerRows(scannerId, 10, function (serr, data) {
if (serr) {
console.log(serr);
return;
}
console.log(data);
});
client.closeScanner(scannerId, function (err) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
}
});
connection.end();
});
});
[/javascript]
5. HBase Increment
[javascript]
connection.on(‘connect’, function () {
console.log(‘connected’);
var client = thrift.createClient(HBase, connection);
// put ‘users’, ‘wwzyhao’, ‘info’, ‘count’, 1
var tIncrement = new HBaseTypes.TIncrement({
row:’wwzyhao’,
columns: [new HBaseTypes.TColumn({family: ‘info’, qualifier: ‘count’})]
});
client.increment(‘users’, tIncrement, function (err) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
return;
}
console.log(‘increment success.’);
connection.end();
});
});
[/javascript]
References
1.Getting Started with HBase and Thrift for Node
2. HBase in Action
3. building-apache-thrift-on-mac-os-x
4. Thrift API